Extending Borel’s conjecture from measure to dimension

We study subsets <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper R Superscript upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\mathbb {R}}^N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , gauge functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and their associated Hausdorff measures <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . A set <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A subset-of-or-equal-to double-struck upper R Superscript upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⊆ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has strong dimension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f Baseline greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f&gt;0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and for all gauge functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="h"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">h</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of higher order than <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript h Baseline left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^h(A)=0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show that it is consistent with the axioms of set theory that if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has strong dimension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> then <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> σ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -finite for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

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Publication Details

Journal
Communications of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2026-04-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/cams/65
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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article
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article

Extending Borel’s conjecture from measure to dimension

Theodore A. Slaman
Communications of the American Mathematical Society
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

Extending Borel’s conjecture from measure to dimension

Theodore A. Slaman
article en

Abstract

We study subsets <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper R Superscript upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\mathbb {R}}^N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , gauge functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and their associated Hausdorff measures <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . A set <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A subset-of-or-equal-to double-struck upper R Superscript upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⊆ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has strong dimension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f Baseline greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f&gt;0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and for all gauge functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="h"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">h</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of higher order than <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript h Baseline left-parenthesis upper A right-parenthesis equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^h(A)=0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show that it is consistent with the axioms of set theory that if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has strong dimension <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> then <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sigma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> σ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sigma</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -finite for <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

Communications of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 6(10)
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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