Synergistic Effects of Laser-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Photosensitizers for enhanced Antibacterial and Anticancer activity

The synergistic use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and photosensitizer's offers promise biomedical improvements. This study assesses and creates the potential for photosensitizers (Chlorine e6 (Ce6), Methylene Blue (MB)) and Silver Nanoparticles to work together to enhance biological activity. AgNPs were created by the laser ablation method and characterized using methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The antibacterial and anticancer properties of these nanoparticles, both individually and in combination with photosensitizers, were further examined. AgNPs were combined with Methylene Blue and Chlorine e6 to enhance their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, resulting in inhibition zones of up to as large as 0.66 ± 057 mm. The anticancer properties of the combination therapy were also examined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, where Chlorine e6 alone had an IC50 of approximately 231.2%. Another photosensitizer, Methylene blue, showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC50 of around 6.52 ± 3.26%. When AgNPs and Methylene Blue combined, the IC50 decreased to 11.42 ± 5.71, indicating a synergistic increase in cytotoxicity. Similarly, Chlorine e6 and AgNPs together significantly decreased the IC50 to 80µM to 100 µM. These findings show that the combined use of Methylene Blue or Chlorine e6 with AgNPs greatly improves anticancer and antibacterial efficacy compared to their individual applications. This research highlights how AgNPs and photosensitizers have the ability to change treatment approaches by providing improved specificity and efficacy in biomedical applications.