Удосконалення технології електрошлакового наплавлення робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин шляхом комплексного модифікування покриттів

The object of research is wear-resistant electroslag coatings formed on the working bodies of the soil tillage machines in an electric-driven crystallizer. The research conducted in the work focuses on eliminating the rapid wear of plowshares and cultivator paws, which is observed when they are exposed to abrasive abrasion and impact wear. Farmers have to replace their plowshares and cultivator paws frequently due to damage, which leads to higher costs for the farmer’s own capital during his field work. To increase the service life of plowshares and cultivator paws, 65G and 45 steel were used in various experiments, and various methods were also applied, including X-ray phase analysis and hardness measurement using HV10. The results show that the structure of the coating has changed. Laboratory tests have shown that the matrix has been crushed by 35–40%, with an increase in the amount of fine carbide by 25%. This change resulted in approximately a 20% increase in microhardness, which resulted in a significant reduction in wear intensity from the initial point of 0.73 to 0.79. Field reports show that the modified part lasts 40% longer than the serial part, and the best sample lasts 100% longer than the serial part. This result demonstrates that stability is provided by a fine-grained structure and uniform distribution of carbides, which prevents the delamination process. The proposed approach combines thick-layer electroslag deposition with complex modification of the flux-cored wire. The technology can be used in agricultural repair enterprises and allows to reduce the total costs of repair and maintenance of machines by 35–40%. The obtained results are recommended for the restoration of plowshares, cultivator paws and other working bodies of the soil tillage agricultural machines operating under conditions of intensive abrasive wear.