Artificial Intelligence Applied to Byzantine Sigillography: Current Research, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Neural networks have grown to a crescendo, becoming a cornerstone of current artificial intelligence (AI) systems. They are used in diverse real-world applications in nearly every domain, including medicine, arts, humanities, and social sciences. However, only a few works have applied them to Byzantine sigillography. This paper addresses the specificities of Byzantine seal images and how neural network algorithms must be adapted to help with their analysis. We also discuss the challenges, opportunities, and potential of combining different artificial intelligence methods to analyze Byzantine seals.