Адсорбційне очищення соняшникової олії з використанням кислотно-активованого монтморилоніту та оцінка якості

This study investigates the process of sunflower oil adsorption purification using acid-activated montmorillonite from the Cherkasy deposit. The paper considers the change in sunflower oil quality indicators resulting from adsorption treatment with natural dispersed minerals. This work reports a comprehensive solution to the problem of substantiating and devising efficient technology for vegetable oil purification that simultaneously removes impurities, oxidation products, as well as heavy metal cations. Process efficiency was evaluated using physicochemical methods, including determination of acid, color, peroxide values, mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances, moisture, volatile matter, as well as chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of oil composition. The results of experimental and pilot-scale studies demonstrate that the use of acid-activated montmorillonite at a dosage of 1% by oil mass, a temperature of 90–110°C, and a contact time of 20–30 min, ensures a reduction in the peroxide value to 3.0–3.9 mmol O2/kg, the color value to 6–9 mg I2, and the mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances to 0.01–0.05%. It has been shown that adsorption purification does not affect the basic triacylglycerol composition of the oil but promotes the removal of oxidized compounds that deteriorate its consumer properties and oxidative stability. The proposed technology could be implemented in industrial settings without significant modifications to existing production schemes; it represents a cost-effective alternative to imported bleaching clays