Удосконалення методу оцінки реактивності навантаження на основі перетоків енергії в межах одного періоду напруги

The object of this research is the process of assessing reactance and compensating for reactive power in single-phase electrical networks containing both linear and nonlinear loads. The problem addressed is the limited applicability of classical reactive power definitions based on the fundamental harmonic when current waveforms are distorted by nonlinear loads, which complicates correct reactive power assessment and compensation control. An energy-based approach for estimating load reactance is proposed. The method introduces a dimensionless reactance coefficient determined from the ratio between the energy value over one voltage period and the total area of instantaneous energy flow components associated with the bidirectional energy exchange between the source and the load. For sinusoidal conditions, an analytical relationship between this coefficient and the phase shift angle between voltage and current is obtained. This relationship allows reconstruction of the phase shift angle from discrete voltage and current measurements using Newton’s iterative method. To validate the method, a simulation model of a single-phase electrical network with linear and nonlinear loads was developed in the Simulink environment. Simulations were performed for linear, nonlinear, and mixed operating modes with different ratios of active and reactive power. The results show that when the nonlinear load dominates or when the capacitive reactive component of the linear load is small, compensation based on the proposed criterion provides higher power factor values than the classical reactive power approach. For loads with a significant inductive component the classical method remains more effective. The proposed improved method can be applied in power quality monitoring systems and adaptive reactive power compensation devices for networks with nonlinear loads.