Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections and Associated Factors: A 5-Year Study Among Blood Donors in Haryana, India

Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a significant concern for blood safety in developing countries. Monitoring TTI prevalence among blood donors reflects underlying community infection levels and supports safer transfusion practices. The study aimed at determining the seroprevalence, temporal trends, and demographic distribution of major TTIs (HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, malaria) among blood donors over a 5-year period.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a licensed blood bank in Haryana, India, from September 2020 to August 2025. A total of 2,896 donors were screened using standard serological assays. Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and χ² tests were applied to assess associations with demographic variables. Result: The overall TTI seroprevalence was 1.87% (95% CI: 1.39–2.35). HBV was the most prevalent infection (1.00%), followed by HCV (0.69%), syphilis (0.14%), and HIV (0.03%). No malaria cases were detected. TTI positivity was significantly higher among males (χ² = 3.91; p = 0.048). The 18–30-year age group accounted for 68.5% of TTI-positive donors. An apparent increase in HBV and HCV seropositivity was observed during 2024–2025. No co-infections were observed.Conclusion: This study demonstrates a low but persistent TTI burden, with HBV and HCV predominating. Strengthened surveillance, improved donor selection, and consideration of nucleic acid testing (NAT) may further enhance transfusion safety.