Zhuangyang Bushen Pill Attenuates Renal Injury in Chronic Glomerulonephritis by Suppressing the MAPK Signaling Pathway

Background/Objectives: Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a progressive chronic kidney disease that can ultimately advance to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Zhuangyang Bushen Pill (ZYBSW) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation derived from the Yi ethnic medicine of Yunnan Province, and it has been widely employed in folk practice for the amelioration of chronic nephritis and renal dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ZYBSW against CGN and to provide preliminary insights into its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: The nephropathy model was induced in mice by tail vein injection of ADR (10 mg/kg). Renal function was evaluated by measuring relevant biochemical parameters, and renal histopathological alterations were examined using HE staining. Chemical constituents of ZYBSW were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Its mechanisms of action were investigated using network pharmacology, WGCNA, molecular docking, multiplex immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Results: ZYBSW significantly reduced ACR by 88.9%, SCr by 56.4%, and BUN by 30.4%, increased ALB by 32.4%, and alleviated renal histopathological damage (all p < 0.01). LC-MS/MS analysis identified 419 chemical constituents in ZYBSW. Network pharmacology, WGCNA, and molecular docking experiments identified EGFR and DUSP1 as potential targets, and indicated the MAPK pathway as a key pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZYBSW significantly inhibited EGFR expression in renal tissue, enhanced DUSP1 expression, and reduced the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38. Conclusions: This study reveals ZYBSW can effectively alleviate CGN, with EGFR and DUSP1 as likely therapeutic targets, and its mechanism of action primarily involves regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.