Beyond antibiotics: validating ethno-veterinary practices as a holistic shield for public health and sustainable animal husbandry

Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) represents a valuable indigenous system that supports sustainable animal health management through locally available, plant-based remedies. In modern livestock production, excessive antibiotic use has contributed to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This not only threatens animal treatment outcomes but also poses serious risks to human health. EVM provides effective alternatives for managing common diseases like mastitis, enteritis and reproductive disorders. By reducing antibiotic dependency, it helps improve the overall health and productivity of livestock. Importantly, EVM contributes to food safety by minimizing harmful drug residues in milk and meat. Residue-free animal products are essential for protecting consumer health and maintaining quality standards. The approach also encourages environmentally friendly practices and conservation of medicinal plant resources. These benefits align with the principles of the One Health framework. Thus, integrating EVM with modern veterinary care offers a holistic pathway linking animal health, food safety and public health sustainability.