A Framework for Enhancing Surface Water Reuse in Tehran’s Urban Water Infrastructure: Learning from International Experience

Surface water recycling is essential for addressing water scarcity in arid regions like Iran. This studyassesses the feasibility of enhancing surface water reuse in Tehran’s urban infrastructure by focusing on the city’straditional furrow system—a component often overlooked in both traditional and modern water managementstrategies. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology combining documentary review with field observationsin three representative districts, complemented by a structured comparative analysis with Barcelona’sintegrated water management model, the research identifies key challenges including high non-revenue waterand groundwater over-exploitation. The findings reveal significant opportunities to modernise the network ofirrigation channels and integrate Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to utilise surface water for non-potable uses. The study concludes with a multi-criteria framework and practical recommendations for improvingTehran’s urban water resilience.