PATHOLOGICAL-ANATOMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA AND IMPROVEMENT OF TREATMENT APPROACHES

Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the middle ear and remains an important problem in otorhinolaryngology. The disease is characterized by persistent inflammation, tympanic membrane perforation, purulent discharge, and progressive pathological changes in the middle ear mucosa and surrounding structures. Pathological-anatomical and immunohistological changes play a key role in the chronic course of the disease, recurrence, and development of complications. This article analyzes the morphological and immunohistological features of chronic suppurative otitis media and discusses approaches to improving treatment. The results indicate that chronic inflammation, epithelial metaplasia, granulation tissue formation, fibrosis, and immune cell infiltration are important mechanisms in disease progression. Comprehensive treatment based on accurate diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, surgical correction, and immunological evaluation may improve clinical outcomes.