Gelatin/cassava starch films: effects of polymer ratio, citric acid crosslinking, and turmeric extract incorporation

). Adding 10% T enhanced the antioxidant activity up to ~87-88% and imparted antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. Despite evidence of some crosslinking, adding C apparently elicited a plasticizing effect, which resulted in more elongable films, mainly in the case of G:S C10 T films. Among the tested formulations, G:S 10:90 C10 T and G:S 30:70 C10 T showed the best overall balance of water resistance and barrier properties, while G:S 90:10 1 T exhibited the most balanced mechanical performance. These results demonstrate that tuning the polymer ratio and additive combination is an effective strategy when designing active biobased films.