Internet of Things for Carbon Market Approach in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Carbon markets rely on accurate and timely emissions data, but many monitoring methods still lack real-time, reliable measurements. This research addresses this gap by developing and implementing an Internet of Things (IoT)-driven system for real-time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on CO₂. A sensor mote comprising a CO₂ sensor and a microcontroller was built. The system collects accurate CO₂ measurements, transmits it to the cloud, and displays the readings directly, ensuring transparency and preventing unauthorized alteration. The results indicate that IoT technology provides accurate measurements. CO₂ concentrations recorded were 813.43 ± 54.25 ppm in the Hostel Quadrangle (an open area) and 1013.47 ± 47.66 ppm in the Design Studio (an enclosed space). This display strengthens the carbon market data credibility, allowing stakeholders to rely on the measurements for carbon credit allocation and make better decisions for air quality management.