Biodiversity and Conservation Assessment of Medicinal Plant Species in Surgana Tahsil, Nashik District

Surgana Tahsil of Nasik District, Maharashtra, is a forest-rich tribal region possessing significant medicinal plant diversity. The present study aims to assess the biodiversity status and conservation needs of medicinal plant species in this ecologically sensitive area. Field surveys were conducted in selected forest patches and tribal villages using quadrate sampling, transect walks, and interviews with local healers. The study documented approximately 45–60 medicinal plant species, including several rare and threatened taxa. Notable species recorded during the survey include Rauvolfia serpentina, Gloriosa superba, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Ceropegia vincifolia, and Oroxylum indicum. These species are facing population decline due to overharvesting, habitat degradation, forest fires, grazing pressure, and increasing anthropogenic activities. The conservation assessment indicates that while common medicinal plants remain moderately abundant, rare species require immediate protection measures. Strategies such as in situ conservation, ex situ cultivation, community participation, awareness programs, and sustainable harvesting protocols are essential for maintaining ecological balance. Proper scientific documentation and conservation planning are crucial to safeguard the medicinal plant wealth of Surgana Tahsil for sustainable utilization and future pharmacological research.