Implementation of IoT-Based Buoy Position Monitoring Using GSM Technology with SIM7000E Module

Beacon buoys are essential for maritime safety, providing navigation guidance. However, loss of beacon buoys due to environmental factors or theft necessitates an effective monitoring solution. This study develops and tests an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system for beacon buoys, utilizing a SIM7000E GSM module and an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with GNSS to transmit real-time location data to the Ubidots IoT platform. The system design includes solar panels for power, a step-down module, a TP4056 battery charger, and local data storage using a micro SD card. The study was conducted from April to June 2024, with testing at the Dompak Water Navigation District Beacon Buoy. Test results showed an average power consumption of 0.64 W, enabling the device to operate for 78,625 hours. The 5-day field test recorded beacon buoy movement with a difference of up to 279 meters compared to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, attributed to tides and sea waves. The packet loss ratio was 28%, indicating challenges in data transmission due to electromagnetic attenuation by seawater. The results confirm the potential of IoT systems in buoy beacon monitoring but also highlight the need for improvements in design and communication mechanisms to address packet loss and ensure data accuracy and reliability. This study contributes to the development of improved maritime monitoring technologies and has the potential to enhance navigation safety.