Bio-interfaces-based detection of gastric carcinogenic bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> : enabling early and high precision diagnosis

INTRODUCTION: detection, offering a valuable approach to simple, accurate, rapid, and highly specific identification of stomach cancer in its early stages. AREAS COVERED: are summarized. EXPERT OPINION: biomarker-based biosensors to enhance diagnostics and therapeutic outcomes. There is also a need to commercialize these biosensors, enabling individuals to detect disease themselves at home or facilitating real-time detection. The successful translation of these biosensors from laboratory settings to commercial use necessitates a series of defined steps, which warrant immediate prioritization.