Kaempferol Improves Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting Neuronal Ferroptosis via Activating <scp>GPX4</scp> / <scp>AKR1C3</scp> Signaling Pathway

-induced neuronal ferroptosis. In vivo studies revealed that kaempferol improved cognitive impairments, reduced deposition of Aβ and p-Tau, and alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in the hippocampal tissues of an AD mouse model in a dose-dependent manner, effects that were diminished by inhibiting AKR1B1 expression. Following kaempferol treatment, the levels of GPX4 and AKR1C3 in the hippocampus of AD mice were found to be reduced. Overall, our findings indicate that kaempferol treatment enhances cognitive function and mitigates pathological alterations in AD mice by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4/AKR1C3 signaling via upregulation of AKR1B1. This research supports the need for further investigation and clinical exploration of kaempferol.