Unveiling the psychological impact of visual impairment in young and middle-aged adults: a concept mapping study

BACKGROUND: The likelihood of experiencing psychological symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, is reported to be higher among people with visual impairment. This study investigated the everyday challenges that contribute to these symptoms in young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment. METHODS: An online Concept Mapping method was used, blending qualitative and quantitative elements. Participants (individuals with visual impairment and professionals) provided statements to the question: What are challenges in daily life for people with visual impairment that may cause symptoms of depression and anxiety? Participants then sorted these statements by theme, and rated them on importance on a scale from 1 to 5. A concept map was generated based on multidimensional scaling using Concept Systems Inc. Software. RESULTS: A total of 55 individuals with visual impairment and 27 professionals participated. They sorted 50 distinct statements into 8 different clusters. Ranked from highest to lowest in perceived importance, the clusters were: processing and acceptance (4.07), future perspective and participation (3.89), practical actions (3.77), social environment (3.75), physical consequences (3.74), recreation (3.68), emotions and feelings (3.48), and medical aspects (3.36). Across all clusters, the statements that were rated as most important were: accepting the disability (4.45), fatigue and energy balance (4.40), and equal relationships with family, friends, and colleagues (4.26). CONCLUSION: This study highlights crucial challenges faced by young and middle-aged individuals with visual impairment, emphasizing the significance of acceptance, emotional well-being, and adaptation. It is important to address these challenges through supportive counseling and rehabilitation programs to enhance their mental health.