The Impact of Vitamin K Deficiency on Menorrhagia: A Narrative Review

Objectives: This narrative review examines the association between acquired vitamin K deficiency and menorrhagia, highlighting its clinical relevance, its underrecognized contribution to abnormal uterine bleeding, and implications for diagnosis and management. Mechanism: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from published case reports, case series, and small observational studies that examine acquired vitamin K deficiency and abnormal uterine bleeding. Relevant literature was identified through targeted searches of the medical literature focusing on vitamin K deficiency, coagulation disorders, and menorrhagia. Findings in Brief: Evidence from case reports and small observational studies suggests that acquired vitamin K deficiency related to inadequate diet, malabsorption, gastrointestinal disorders, prolonged antibiotic use, or certain medications, may contribute to menorrhagia. Several reports describe improvement in menstrual bleeding following identification and correction of vitamin K deficiency. Conclusions: Acquired vitamin K deficiency should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained menorrhagia. Increased awareness among gynecologists and family physicians may reduce missed diagnoses, unnecessary interventions, and anemia associated with chronic heavy menstrual bleeding.