Integrated Design of Conductive and Dielectric Polymers: Advancing Flexible Electronics from Materials Innovation to Applications

This review systematically examines the innovation and application of conductive (e.g., PPy, PANI, PEDOT:PSS) and dielectric (e.g., PVDF, PI, PMMA) polymers in flexible electronics. Conductive polymers are valued for their tunable conductivity and flexibility. They serve as core components in displays and sensors. Their performance is optimized through doping and molecular design. Dielectric polymers, which offer high permittivity and breakdown strength, are crucial for capacitors and gate dielectrics. Achieving high-performance devices requires integrated designs focusing on heterostructures and interface compatibility. Key applications span flexible displays, wearable health monitors, energy storage, electronic skin, and soft robotics. While challenges such as stability and scalability persist, future directions emphasize intrinsic stretchability, self-healing, AI-driven discovery, and sustainable bio-based materials, ultimately driving flexible electronics from lab research to practical, intelligent, and biointegrated systems.