The Origin of the Universe and Space: A Unified Framework for the Evolution of Spacetime, Gravity, and Dark Energy

本理论框架 HCSOT(Hu's Cosmic Space Origin Theory,胡氏宇宙空间起源理论)及其核心公理体系、引力/排斥力统一转换机制、时空能量密度演化方程、以及定量预言(弱引力透镜在 k=0.1 h/Mpc 处 8%±3% 增强)均为本人独立原创。相关数学形式与核心构想已于 2026 年 4 月 10 日在 Zenodo 首发版本(DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489908)中永久存档。本 V5.0 为战略性更新,理论核心完全承袭自首发版本,任何后来者不得声称独立发现。 【Originality Statement】 The theoretical framework HCSOT (Hu's Cosmic Space Origin Theory), including its core axioms, the unified gravity/repulsion conversion mechanism, the space-time energy density evolution equations, and the quantitative prediction (8%±3% enhancement of the weak gravitational lensing power spectrum at k = 0.1 h/Mpc), is entirely the independent original work of the author, Hu Helong. The complete mathematical formalism and core concepts were permanently archived in the first Zenodo release on April 10, 2026 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19489908). This V5.0 is a strategic update; the theoretical core remains fully consistent with the first release. Any later claimant to independent discovery is hereby precluded by this public record. --- We present Hu's Cosmic Space Origin Theory (HCSOT), a minimalist, self-consistent cosmological framework in which the single dynamical degree of freedom is the local energy density ρ of the spacetime substrate. Gravity emerges as the response to deviations of ρ from a universal critical equilibrium density ρ₀: ρ > ρ₀ produces attractive gravity (the "dark matter" regime), while ρ < ρ₀ produces repulsive gravity (the "dark energy" regime). The theory requires no exotic dark matter particles and no independent cosmological constant. The evolution of the universe from the Planck epoch to the present is described by the monotonic relaxation of ρ(z) toward ρ₀. HCSOT provides a qualitative framework for addressing the 5σ Hubble tension, the S₈ tension, the anomalously high abundance of luminous galaxies at z > 10 observed by JWST, and persistent small-scale tensions including dwarf galaxy rotation curves—all within a unified, parameter-efficient framework. We formulate HCSOT as a scalar-tensor theory with a canonical action, derive the modified cosmological perturbation equations, and compute the effective gravitational coupling G_eff(z). The theory makes a single flagship falsifiable prediction for the Euclid satellite mission (first major data release DR1, October 2026): at wavenumber k = 0.1 h/Mpc, the weak gravitational lensing matter power spectrum will exceed the ΛCDM prediction by 8% ± 3% (1σ). A set of secondary consistency checks is also provided. The model introduces one additional free parameter (α) beyond standard cosmology. HCSOT is sharply falsifiable and provides a complete, observationally grounded alternative to the ΛCDM paradigm.