Adolescents’ experiences of being a relative of a critically ill patient in an intensive care unit: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Existing literature suggests that adolescents often find critical illness overwhelming and receive inadequate support and information from both parents and healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of adolescents as relatives in an intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: This study utilised a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive design with in-depth interviews. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen adolescent relatives of critically ill patients were recruited from three different ICUs in Norway. METHODS: The study utilised semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews to gather data, which were subsequently analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: We identified two main themes, and five subthemes. 1. Life turns upside down: exploring a threat to life's security; (a) Alone in uncertainty during a relative's critical illness, and (b) Seeking clarity and guidance to navigate the impressions from a transformed reality. 2. The significance of an inclusive environment; (a) Feeling invisible and excluded, (b) The need to be near and being prepared, and (c) Feeling involved by being informed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent relatives of critically ill patients experience significant uncertainty and distress. The ICU environment is perceived as intimidating and technical. They frequently feel overlooked and in need of a welcoming and supportive environment. By individually preparing adolescents before their initial visit, healthcare professionals can better meet their responsibilities, minimise trauma, and contribute to a sense of belonging for adolescent relatives in the ICU. Care can be improved by addressing their needs and providing tailored information. Health authorities should prioritise resource allocation to support family-centred care practices and ensure that these objectives are achieved. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Understanding adolescents' experiences when a relative is admitted to an ICU is essential for all healthcare professionals who interact with critically ill patients and their families. This study suggests that adolescents need to feel a sense of belonging within the ICU and underscores the importance of systematic preparation and tailored communication in ICUs to adequately support and involve adolescents.