Nutrient Removal and Phosphate Recovery Using Agricultural Residue Media in Denitrifying Bioreactors

/day for corn cobs, corn stalks, barley straw, and woodchips, respectively. Barley straw quickly lost nitrate and phosphate removal capacities over time. Corn cobs consistently removed the highest amounts of nitrate and phosphate and showed the least decline in removal performance throughout the experiment. The phosphate desorption potentials after the bioreactor experiment were in the order of corn stalks > corn cobs > barley straw > woodchips. The results of this study suggest that corn cobs can be used as bioreactor filling materials to effectively remove nitrate and recover phosphate from contaminated waters.