Appendiceal endosalpingiosis: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Endosalpingiosis is a rare benign condition characterized by the ectopic presence of ciliated tub epithelium outside the fallopian tubes, often found in the ovaries, uterus, and other pelvic structures. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents a 21-year-old Iranian woman who presented to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and a feeling of fever. Despite normal imaging results, histopathological examination following laparoscopic appendicectomy revealed appendiceal endosalpingiosis. Following appendicectomy, all signs and symptoms were relieved. This rare phenomenon highlights another rare but important differential diagnosis of appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limited number of reported cases, further investigation is necessary to understand the mechanism and clinical significance of endosalpingiosis. Due to its potential association with gynecological pathologies, we recommend systematic gynecological evaluation in these patients.