Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Infection Among Children Under Five Years of Age in an Urban Area of Kunming City: A Matched Case–Control Study

Enteritidis (11.8%). Multivariable analysis revealed that refrigerated storage of raw eggs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02-11.05), lack of a separate cutting board for raw and cooked foods (aOR = 10.38; 95% CI: 3.81-28.32), and higher household density (≥2 children: aOR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.18-6.16; ≥3 children: aOR = 10.16; 95% CI: 2.90-35.60) were independently associated with increased risk of NTS infection. In addition to household hygiene practices, household crowding was identified as a key amplifier of NTS transmission risk. These findings underscore the need for integrated public health strategies that combine targeted hygiene education with structural interventions to reduce overcrowding in urban households.