Life Experiences of Individuals With Fecal Incontinence: A Thematic Meta-Synthesis Study

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to systematically interpret and synthesize data obtained from qualitative research on the life experiences of individuals with fecal incontinence. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search covering the years 2010 to 2023 was conducted on December 1, 2023, using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, OpenAIRE, and OVID electronic databases. The search process followed PRISMA guidelines. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024507571). STUDY SELECTION: Qualitative studies focusing on the life experiences of individuals with fecal incontinence were included. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the meta-synthesis. DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant data from the included studies were systematically extracted, focusing on participants' experiences, perceptions, and coping mechanisms related to fecal incontinence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were analyzed using thematic synthesis. Five analytical themes were identified: (1) the meaning of fecal incontinence for the individual, (2) perceived barriers to the management of fecal incontinence, (3) negative effects of fecal incontinence on life, (4) developing individual coping strategies, and (5) expectations. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal incontinence was found to be more than a physical condition, significantly affecting individuals' mental health as well as their sexual and social lives. Social stigma, taboos, and limited awareness among health care professionals hinder patients from expressing their symptoms and seeking help, often leading to concealment of the condition. These findings highlight the need for educational interventions and awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and address the psychosocial dimensions of fecal incontinence.