Persistence of protozoan parasites and <i>Escherichia coli</i> on plant tissue in soil

remained viable for 10 months. Protozoa genetic material and mRNA, as a sign of metabolic activity, were also assessed over time. The type of plant tilled under did not make a meaningful difference. Tilling contaminated crops into soil does not quickly eliminate pathogens. Some pathogens can survive for many months, meaning risks remain in fields for longer than expected.