Recent advances in food allergy immunotherapy: oral immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, and sublingual immunotherapy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Food allergy immunotherapy strategies including oral, epicutaneous, and sublingual remain some of the most effective therapeutic options for food allergic patients and are currently the only therapeutic options that are expected to have the potential for long-lasting therapeutic benefits after therapy has ended. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have identified novel ways of implementing food allergy immunotherapy, including the use of real-world foods for oral immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy. Other studies have uncovered key mechanisms for how these therapies induce desensitization to food allergens and sustained unresponsiveness. Notably, many of these mechanisms have the potential for monitoring or predicting therapeutic response. SUMMARY: The landscape of food allergy immunotherapy is changing to adapt to the shifting food allergy therapeutic landscape. Many studies are now shifting away from commercial or pharmaceutical products in order to increase accessibility with real world food options.