Host genetics shapes the recovery of the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment: the role of the blood group related <i>B4galnt2</i> gene

-associated microbiota. These results underscore the role of host genetics in shaping microbiota response and recovery following antibiotic exposure. By demonstrating the interplay between glycosylation-mediated microbiota composition, antibiotic response, and microbial recovery, our study may provide insights into the potential for personalized approaches to mitigate dysbiosis-related health outcomes. IMPORTANCE: expression recover faster, with distinct changes in microbial composition, activity, and antibiotic resistance gene expression. These findings highlight how a single host gene can shape microbiota dynamics following antibiotic-induced disruption. The work emphasizes the importance of considering host genetic factors when predicting microbiome responses to antibiotics and suggests potential for genotype-guided strategies to reduce the adverse effects of microbiome-targeted therapies.