Version 1.8 Cosmic Energy Compression, Stellar Spin, and the Formation of Invisible Black Holes – A Unified Framework Without Dark Energy or Dark Matter

Abstract: We extend the Cosmic Energy Compression Theory of Gravity – which removes dark matter and dark energy – to explain how black holes form. Gravity is not a pulling force; it is the inward squeeze of cosmic energy into cavities carved by an object's mass, density, and spin. When that squeeze becomes strong enough, no light can make a visible spectrum from our angle of sight – meaning we see nothing directly from the object itself. A star that becomes a black hole goes through clear phases: birth from a spinning cloud of gas, main sequence life, core contraction, gravitational collapse, and finally black hole formation. During collapse, the core spins faster and faster, like a spinning ice skater pulling in her arms. This extreme spin carves an extremely deep cavity in the cosmic energy background. At the last stage, the inward compression is so fierce that even photons cannot make a visible spectrum – they cannot produce any light we can detect. The object becomes invisible. However, the steep compression gradient around the black hole bends light that passes nearby, creating the curved arcs and Einstein rings that telescopes like the Event Horizon Telescope have seen. The spin direction (whether the black hole spins with or against the surrounding energy flow) changes the cavity depth, giving a testable prediction for future observations. Thus, the theory links a star's life, its spin, and the invisibility of a black hole – all without needing dark matter or dark energy. © Asif Majeed, 2026. This work is made publicly available on Zenodo with DOI.10.5281/zenodo.19928164