Quercetin as Neuroprotective Agent: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lead to ongoing loss of neurons, cognitive decreased, movement problem, oxidative stress, and long-term inflammation in the brain. The increasing global impact of these diseases calls for effective prevention and treatment Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, has shown potential as a neuroprotective because of its biological effects. It summarizes the pharmacological role , production, metabolism, and protective role of quercetin in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. Research from both in- vitro and in-vivo studies shows that quercetin has strong antioxidant effects. It works by decreasing reactive oxygen species, binding to metal ions, and boosting natural antioxidant enzymes,and oxidative stress. Quercetin also enhance neuroinflammation by blocking NF-by, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling, decreased microglial activation, and promote anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10. It impacts the buildup of harmful proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein increases breakdown via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Quercetin helps neurons survive by encouraging new nerve cell growth, increasing neurotrophic factors.