Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation Protocol for Patients With Cardiac Pathology: Results of a Longitudinal Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of phase III cardiac rehabilitation (CR) protocol on the physical fitness of individuals with cardiac disease in a community-based setting. DESIGN: A descriptive-correlational longitudinal study conducted at a community center in Portugal from November 2022 to January 2023. METHODS: Participants underwent two evaluation points, 10 weeks apart, during which they completed 20 supervised rehabilitation sessions. Physical fitness was assessed using validated instruments for the Portuguese population. Data collection was performed by rehabilitation nurses, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: The sample included 30 participants, mostly male (63.3%), with a mean age of 66.1 years. The majority were overweight (56.7%), and 43.3% had an elevated cardiovascular risk based on abdominal circumference. Statistically significant improvements were observed in abdominal circumference, lower limb strength, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity. A nonsignificant but positive trend was also observed in body mass index. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study highlights the importance of community-based Phase III CR exercises as a strategy to improve functional outcomes and reduce cardiovascular risk. These interventions require structured supervision to ensure safety and effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The Phase III CR protocol led to meaningful improvements in physical fitness and anthropometric indicators among cardiac patients, supporting the continued expansion of structured rehabilitation services in community settings.