MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTI-ULCER POTENTIAL: PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE AND BRUCEA JAVANICA

Ulcer disease is a widespread global health concern characterized by the formation of open sores on the skin or mucosal linings, most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. Factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), smoking, stress, and impaired mucosal defense mechanisms contribute significantly to ulcer development. Although conventional therapies such as proton pump inhibitors are effective, long-term use is often associated with adverse effects, prompting interest in herbal alternatives. Medicinal plants offer promising anti-ulcer activity through mechanisms including reduction of gastric acid secretion, enhancement of mucosal defense, antioxidant action, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review highlights the pharmacological potential of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Bruceajavanica, focusing on their botanical description, chemical constituents, and medicinal properties related to ulcer prevention and healing. Additionally, an extensive literature review of herbal plants with documented anti-ulcer activity supports the growing evidence that plant-based therapies may serve as effective and safer alternatives for ulcer management.