PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF HYGROPHILA AURICULATA: INSIGHTS FROM PRECLINICAL ANIMAL MODELS

Pain is a complex physiological and pathological condition that significantly affects quality of life and remains a major global health concern. Despite the availability of conventional analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects, tolerance, and dependency, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more effective alternatives. In this context, medicinal plants have gained considerable attention due to their historical use, therapeutic potential, and relatively lower incidence of side effects. Hygrophila auriculata, a traditionally used medicinal herb, has been widely recognized in various systems of medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterols, the plant has demonstrated promising pharmacological activities. Preclinical studies using established animal models, including the hot plate test, tail flick method, and acetic acid-induced writhing test, have consistently shown significant analgesic effects of Hygrophila auriculata extracts. These effects are believed to be mediated through both central and peripheral mechanisms, possibly involving inhibition of inflammatory mediators and modulation of pain pathways. In conclusion, existing preclinical evidence supports the analgesic potential of Hygrophila auriculata, suggesting its promise as a natural alternative for pain management. However, further studies, including clinical trials and mechanistic investigations, are necessary to validate its efficacy, safety, and therapeutic applicability in humans.