Expert-Validated Framework for Integrating Photogrammetry and BIM in Saudi Vision 2030 Construction

Saudi Vision 2030, a transformative national strategic framework, is being realized through unprecedented giga-projects such as NEOM, Qiddiya, and the Red Sea Project. These projects demand exceptional accuracy, efficiency, and sustainability, driving the need for advanced digital technologies. The integration of Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry (DCRP) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) is recognized as a pivotal solution, yet a standardized, context-aware implementation framework for the unique Saudi environment is lacking. This study develops a comprehensive, three-layer DCRP-BIM integration framework addressing technical workflows, managerial protocols, and contextual challenge mitigation specific to Saudi mega-projects. The framework was developed following Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and validated through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a quantitative survey of 65 industry experts and qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Results demonstrated strong expert consensus on the framework’s comprehensiveness (Mean = 4.52/5) and practicality (Mean = 4.38). ‘Data Interoperability’ (RII = 0.94) and ‘Technical Expertise Shortage’ (RII = 0.90) were ranked as the most critical challenges, while ‘Enhanced Geometric Accuracy’ (RII = 0.96) and ‘Progress Monitoring Efficiency’ (RII = 0.93) were deemed the most significant benefits. Qualitative analysis highlighted the critical importance of top-down leadership support and targeted workforce development programs. The findings provide a validated, actionable roadmap for stakeholders, facilitating the adoption of this integrated technology stack to directly support the strategic objectives of Vision 2030. The study concludes that strategic focus on standardized protocols, education, and policy incentives is paramount for successful implementation.