TRANSFORMING ANALYTICAL SCIENCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

GAC is a modern discipline that aims to redesign analytical chemistry with an environmentally friendly approach. A new area of analytical science called "green analytical chemistry" (GAC) uses the twelve green chemistry principles in chemical measurement to lessen the effects on the environment and human health. GAC offers a framework for environmentally friendly analytical techniques that preserve high accuracy and precision while reducing the use of hazardous reagents, conserving energy, and avoiding the production of hazardous waste. The use of green solvents like water, supercritical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, and other bio-based substitutes in conjunction with energy-efficient techniques like microwave and ultrasound assisted methods that speed up reaction kinetics and reduce power requirements is emphasized by recent developments. Progress in green instrumentation, including miniaturized and portable devices, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, and automated platforms, has likewise decreased sample and energy consumption. To assess and guide these efforts, standardized tools such as NEMI, AES, GAPI, AGREE and AMGS have been developed to evaluate the “greenness” of analytical methods and promote global comparability. GAC was born out of the need for a more mindful approach. One of the most dynamic fields within Green Chemistry is the development of analytical methodologies, leading to the emergence of GAC. Every decision and action in analytical work affects both the final product and its broader surroundings. The future of green chemistry, along with the future of our environment and society, is also explored in this article.