Version 1.7 Cosmic Energy Compression Explains Cosmic Acceleration: A Dynamic Geometry‑Independent Expansion Without Dark Energy. Electromagnetic Radiation Drives Post‑Middle‑Age Cosmic Expansion at Near Light Speed – No Dark Energy, No Dark Matter

Abstract: The cosmic energy compression theory eliminates both dark matter and dark energy by proposing a single, dynamic cosmic energy field. In dense regions (galaxies, clusters), this field compresses around spinning masses, producing gravity and explaining flat rotation curves without dark matter. In voids, the same field behaves repulsively. We identify the physical nature of the post‑middle‑age repulsive push: Electromagnetic radiation and similar non‑clustering energy forms. During the first half of the universe's history (the "middle age" and before), all energy types – thermal, kinetic, gravitational compression, radiation – collectively balanced, resulting in modest expansion. After the middle age, matter clumped into voids. Inside those voids, the electromagnetic radiation field (and analogous high‑speed particles) faces no gravitational opposition. Because radiation travels at light speed, its outward push accelerates the expansion dramatically, causing distant galaxies to recede at speeds approaching c. This mechanism explains: - The observed accelerating universe (Type Ia supernovae, Nobel 2011) - The Hubble tension (local H0 lower due to residual compression in denser regions) - The near‑light‑speed recession of the most distant galaxies No dark energy is invoked. Dark matter is also absent. The theory remains qualitative but now identifies electromagnetic radiation as the primary post‑middle‑age driver. Keywords: Cosmic energy compression, electromagnetic radiation, accelerating universe, Hubble tension, cosmic voids, no dark energy, no dark matter, Version 1.7 © Asif Majeed, 2026. This work is made publicly available on Zenodo with DOI.10.5281/zenodo.19897292