A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF KARNASRAVA (OTORRHEA) WITH EMPHASIS ON AYURVEDIC AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES

Karnasrava, described in Ayurveda as pathological ear discharge, closely corresponds to the clinical entity of otorrhea in contemporary medicine. It is not a standalone disease but a manifestation of underlying pathological processes involving the external or middle ear. In Ayurvedic literature, Karnasrava is categorized under Karnaroga and is primarily attributed to the derangement of Kapha and Pitta dosha, often accompanied by Vata involvement in chronic stages. This review critically examines both Ayurvedic and modern biomedical perspectives on ear discharge, focusing on etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. The paper also explores the potential of integrative care models combining Ayurvedic procedures such as Karnapoorana and Shodhana karma with evidence-based modern treatments. Such an approach may help reduce recurrence, improve mucosal healing, and minimize complications associated with chronic otorrhea.