IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW FROM AN AYURVEDIC AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE

Reproductive physiology is governed by complex neuroendocrine, metabolic, and cellular mechanisms. Increasing prevalence of infertility among young adults has been strongly associated with modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep disturbances, stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity. These factors disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, alter hormonal homeostasis, increase oxidative stress, and impair metabolic function. In Ayurveda, reproductive function is dependent on the proper formation and nourishment of Shukra Dhatu, governed by Agni, Dhatu Poshana and balanced Doshas. Disturbance in lifestyle (Mithya Ahara-Vihara) leads to impairment of these physiological processes. This review aims to analyze the impact of lifestyle factors on reproductive physiology from both contemporary and Ayurvedic perspectives, highlighting the role of Dinacharya, Agni, and Ojas in maintaining reproductive health. Adoption of a holistic lifestyle approach may improve reproductive outcomes, particularly in the context of modern fertility challenges.