Synergizing Policy, Cost, and Technology in Green Building Renovation: A Multi-Stakeholder Satisfaction Perspective

The construction industry is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, and green retrofitting of buildings is an effective pathway to promoting sustainable development in the sector. However, existing research and implementation strategies often struggle to reconcile the needs of governments, businesses, and residents. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive research framework that employs bibliometric and text analysis methods to examine implementation barriers in retrofitting projects across four dimensions: policy, cost, technology, and resident satisfaction. The results indicate that retrofitting costs are the primary factor, while technology is a secondary factor. Furthermore, existing policies feature vague technical standards, insufficient incentives, and a lack of differentiation. Conflicts of interest and challenges regarding cost allocation persist throughout the renovation life cycle. Decision-support tools and renovation technologies face limitations and issues regarding applicability. Residents face constraints from multiple factors, including their knowledge base and economic capacity. Based on these findings, the government urgently needs to improve a differentiated policy system and encourage technological R&D and knowledge dissemination. Enterprises must actively respond to policies and optimize their technologies and management practices. Residents need to enhance their energy-saving awareness, participate in retrofitting efforts, and improve their energy consumption behaviors.