SEROPREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF INFECTIONSTRANSMITTED BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION AMONG BLOOD DONORS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD:A LITERATURE REVIEW

Blood transfusion is an act that saves human lives,through compatibleandsafeblood donations from a donor to a recipient.This transfused blood, if not properly screened,is capable of transmitting infections, such as hepatitis B, C and HIV viruses, from one individual to another.Thisis why the World Health Organization recommends thatlow-riskdonors be selectedfor blood collection.The objective of this literature review is to determine the seroprevalence and incidence of infections transmissible by blood transfusion in health facilities amongblood donors from different countries of the world.Data werecollectedfromtheHinari,Pubmed/Medlineand Google Scholardatabases. The articles were selected over a period of ten years, from 2012 to 2022.The thematic analysis was done on the basis of 21 articles selected from the databases.The results confirmthat HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis are pathogens sometimes found in blood products. Other pathogens equally dangerous to human health are also found, such as dengue virus, hepatitis E,andhuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2).The results of this literature review also show that blood collected frompreviousandfirst-timedonors does not always have the same characteristics.First-timedonors show higher trends (prevalences and incidences) thanregulardonors.Incidence measurement is important for monitoring and maintaining the safety of the blood supply. However, it has also been observed that centrifugation of samples at high speed can reduce the rate of false positives fortheHepatitisBsurface antigen, which is why good professional practices must be adopted in blood banks.In another setting, the test positivity rate decreased when considering results confirmed by nucleic acid amplification testing. For this,each government should facilitate the implementation of this test, and set an affordable price, so that patients can benefit from it.These various measures must also be closely monitored, because the lack of application of the principles of blood safety remains a public health problem in Africa, dueto the supply of unsafe blood,which has considerable impacts in terms of mortality and morbidity.