Research on the Distribution and Prediction of Wind Pressure on Airport Terminal Glass Curtain Walls Based on Wind Tunnel Testing and Numerical Simulation

Glass curtain walls are widely used in the enclosure structure of airport terminals due to their advantages of lightweight and beautiful appearance, good lighting, and easy installation. However, coastal areas are constantly affected by typhoons, and under the influence of strong winds, complex pressure distributions are generated on the surface of curtain walls. Therefore, studying the wind pressure distribution characteristics of glass curtain walls is crucial for the structural safety and durability of coastal airport terminals. Based on this, accurately predicting wind pressure distribution not only helps to improve the design safety of airport terminals but also effectively prevents potential damage under strong wind conditions. To achieve effective prediction of wind pressure on glass curtain walls, this paper adopts a combination of wind tunnel tests and neural network prediction models. Real wind pressure coefficient data is obtained through wind tunnel tests, and a CNN–Transformer combination model is proposed to predict wind pressure coefficients. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the combined model is higher than that of the CNN and Transformer single models. MAE is optimized by 0.04~0.10 compared with the former and 0.16~0.34 compared with the latter; RMSE has been optimized by 0.02–0.10 and 0.30–0.34, respectively. This article can provide reference for the prediction research of wind pressure on the surface of glass curtain walls in airport terminals.