Contribution of immune cells and cytokines to radiation-induced injury: the key roles and potential targets

Despite the useful applications of ionizing radiation in daily life, the heightened risks of radiation-induced injury have emerged as a significant challenge. Immune cells and the associated cytokines play crucial roles in orchestrating the inflammatory and repair processes that follow radiation exposure. These immune responses contribute to both the beneficial and detrimental outcomes of radiotherapy. Cytokines, in particular, regulate the recruitment and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the extent and nature of tissue damage. By understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between immune cells and cytokines in radiation-induced injury, we can identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This article provides insights into the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced injury and highlights opportunities for enhancing the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy through immune-based interventions.