Evaluation of Seed Germination in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Varieties Vima 1 and Kutilang After Gamma Irradiation

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on seed germination characteristics and seedling vigor in two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties, Vima 1 and Kutilang. Five levels of gamma irradiation doses were applied: 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, and 400 Gy, using a factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The observed parameters included seed viability (germination percentage, normal and abnormal seedlings, hard seeds, fresh but ungerminated seeds, and dead seeds), vigor index, as well as several seed and germination morphological traits. The results showed that gamma radiation significantly affected seed germination quality and morphological trait variation. The highest heritability and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed in hypocotyl length, width, and diameter, indicating that these three traits are genetically controlled and have potential for selection. Conversely, seed size traits exhibited lower variability but remained stable across all treatments. Gamma doses of 100–200 Gy maintained seed vigor and germination above the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (≥85%), while higher doses (300–400 Gy) resulted in a significant decline in both germination and vigor.