Graphene Oxide-Stabilized Polymeric Nanofluids for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Developing advanced nanofluids with tailored rheological properties is crucial for optimizing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. This study investigates graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet-assisted polymeric nanofluids and evaluates their potential for EOR applications. GO nanosheets were synthesized using the modified Hummers method and characterized using FTIR, UV spectroscopy, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Polymeric nanofluids were formulated by dispersing GO nanosheets into hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) solutions, and their rheological properties were evaluated at varying shear rates and temperatures to simulate reservoir conditions. The results showed that the addition of a low concentration of GO (50 ppm) significantly enhanced the rheological properties of HEC polymer solutions due to synergistic interactions between GO nanosheets and polymer chains that form three-dimensional networks via hydrogen bonding. These intermolecular interactions were further validated through FTIR and DSC analyses. Additionally, qualitative changes in the sandstone rock’s wettability were evaluated using spectroscopic techniques, revealing a shift toward more water-wet conditions. Core flooding experiments demonstrated superior performance of the polymeric nanofluid, achieving a tertiary oil recovery of 24.76% OOIP compared to 17.93% for polymer flooding. Furthermore, preliminary industrial feasibility and economic analyses suggest the scalability and cost-effectiveness of the developed system. Overall, this study highlights the potential of GO–HEC nanofluids as efficient and viable EOR agents.