In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Multi-Target Combination of Plant Extracts and Policosanols: Effects in Mitigating Heart Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Heart inflammation and oxidative stress are pivotal pathological drivers in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial effects induced by extracts derived from edible plants, such as Olea europaea, and sugar cane on heart health. In particular, we investigated the effects of a novel combination constituting Olea europaea, Scutellaria baicalensis, and policosanol extracts on heart, in in vitro and ex vivo models. Olea europaea, S. baicalensis, policosanol extracts and their combination prevented H2O2-induced reduction in H9c2 cell (immortalized myoblasts, isolated from rat heart tissue) viability. Moreover, pre-incubation with the combination significantly reduced H2O2-induced ROS levels in the same cells. Our present findings also showed that Olea europaea, S. baicalensis and policosanol extracts, as well as their combination, increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced catalase gene expression at all concentrations tested, in mouse heart specimens. In addition, we also observed that Olea europaea, S. baicalensis and policosanol extracts, as well as their combination, significantly inhibited LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-kB, and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression, in the same experimental model. Interestingly, the combination was more effective at decreasing the mRNA levels of all pro-inflammatory markers investigated. Finally, the combination was also able to suppress LPS-induced B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I gene expression ex vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggest that this plant-based combination could offer potential benefits for cardiovascular health and support overall heart function in humans.