Construction of TiO

A TiO₂-PMA hybrid photocatalyst was synthesized via a hydrothermal process at 150 °C to enhance the visible-light response of TiO₂. The degradation of MB was used to evaluate the organic removal performance of the material, while key operational parameters including catalyst dosage, solution pH, and initial MB concentration were systematically optimized. The results demonstrate that the TiO₂–PMA hybrid exhibits enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity, and the degradation process follows pseudo- first-order kinetic behavior. Notably, the catalyst maintains excellent stability and reusability over multiple consecutive reaction cycles. These findings provide an effective strategy for the rational design of visible- light-responsive hybrid photocatalysts for sustainable organic wastewater remediation.