What’s new in pediatric bone sarcomas and benign bone tumors

Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bone tumors in recent years. For malignant bone tumors, a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis has been achieved, providing new directions for targeted approaches and immunotherapy. Advances in imaging techniques, such as whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography, have improved the accuracy of staging, treatment response evaluation, and recurrence monitoring. In surgical treatment, 3D printing technology, computer navigation, and minimally invasive techniques have shifted the paradigm from resection to functional reconstruction. Technologies, including modular and expandable implants, along with bio-integrated prostheses, support long-term functional recovery in pediatric patients. For benign bone tumors, the use of targeted drugs like denosumab and the refinement of minimally invasive techniques such as cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation have achieved a better balance between disease control and functional preservation. The ongoing development of multidisciplinary collaboration further optimizes personalized treatment strategies. Looking ahead, continuous progress in precision medicine will steer the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bone tumors toward minimally invasive, individualized, and innovative approaches.