Surviving the dry spell: socio-economic, health, and adaptive challenges of drought in Muyexe village, South Africa

Climate change remains one of the most pressing global challenges, posing significant threats to human security through its adverse effects on health, water availability, food security, and shelter. Socially and economically disadvantaged populations bear a disproportionate burden of these impacts. This study examines the health effects of drought, identifies vulnerable demographic groups, and assesses community adaptation strategies in Muyexe Village. A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected through eight semi-structured key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions with community members. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, involving systematic coding, categorization of emerging themes, and triangulation across data sources to enhance credibility and validity. The findings reveal that water scarcity compels communities to compete with wildlife for limited water resources, increasing exposure to waterborne diseases. Drought-related conditions such as cholera, malaria, hypertension, and malnutrition further undermine community resilience. Households respond by adopting various adaptation strategies, including livestock sales, seed preservation, and small-scale income-generating activities. However, government interventions remain inadequate. Strengthening local adaptation strategies and addressing underlying health vulnerabilities are essential to reducing disaster risks and enhancing long-term community resilience to climate change.