Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) and Implementation Insights Among Healthcare Professionals Regarding Nutrition and Dietary Supplementation

Abstract Background : Poor diet is a major global health risk, yet nutrition education for healthcare professionals (HCPs) remains limited, leading to variable confidence and competence in providing nutrition and dietary supplement advice. Objective : To assess HCPs’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and behavioural intention regarding nutrition and supplementation, and to identify gaps and barriers to effective implementation in clinical care. Methods : A 67-item electronic KAP survey was distributed to HCPs via professional networks and social media. Eligible respondents included physicians, nutritionists, dietitians, allied health practitioners, mental health professionals, and researchers with clinical experience. Differences in outcomes across professional groups were analysed using independent t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. A significance level of p < 0.05 was applied. Results : Fifty-two HCPs completed the survey (Nutritionists/Dietitians = 40.4%; Physicians = 19.2%; Other = 40.4%). Mean knowledge scores were highest among Nutritionists/Dietitians (70.7%, SD = 15.2) and lowest among the Other group (47.8%, SD = 21.3). Across all groups, attitudes toward nutrition were positive (M = 4.19/5, SD = 0.43), but practice scores varied, with Nutritionists/Dietitians reporting greater engagement (M = 4.20, SD = 0.70) than Physicians (M = 3.66, SD = 0.57) or Other professionals (M = 3.59, SD = 0.65). Key knowledge gaps were found in biochemical thresholds for micronutrient deficiencies. Barriers included conflicting guidelines, time constraints, and patient affordability concerns. Conclusions : While HCPs recognise the importance of nutrition and supplementation in health, significant gaps in clinical knowledge, particularly regarding diagnostic thresholds, limit effective practice. Tailored, concise, evidence-based resources may help bridge these gaps and support consistent, confident nutrition counselling. Information © The Authors 2026